svn commit: r43873 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n
Dru Lavigne
dru at FreeBSD.org
Tue Feb 11 16:35:55 UTC 2014
Author: dru
Date: Tue Feb 11 16:35:54 2014
New Revision: 43873
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43873
Log:
More tightening and clarification in this chapter. More commits to follow.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml Tue Feb 11 15:38:07 2014 (r43872)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml Tue Feb 11 16:35:54 2014 (r43873)
@@ -173,64 +173,60 @@
<sect2 xml:id="setting-locale">
<title>Setting Locale for Login Shell</title>
- <para>Usually it is sufficient to export the value of the
- locale name as <envar>LANG</envar> in the login shell. This
- could be done in the user's <filename>~/.login_conf</filename>
+ <para>Locale settings are configured either in a user's
+ <filename>~/.login_conf</filename>
or in the startup file of the user's shell:
- (<filename>~/.profile</filename>,
+ <filename>~/.profile</filename>,
<filename>~/.bashrc</filename>, or
- <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>). There is no need to set the
- locale subsets such as <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar> or
- <envar>LC_CTIME</envar>. Refer to language-specific &os;
- documentation for more information.</para>
+ <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>.</para>
- <para>Each user should set the following two environment
- variables in their configuration files:</para>
+ <para>Two environment
+ variables should be set:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para><envar>LANG</envar> for &posix;<indexterm>
+ <para><envar>LANG</envar>, which sets the locale<indexterm>
<primary>POSIX</primary>
- </indexterm>
- &man.setlocale.3; family functions</para>
+ </indexterm></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm><primary>MIME</primary></indexterm>
- <para><envar>MM_CHARSET</envar> for applications' MIME
- character set</para>
+ <para><envar>MM_CHARSET</envar> which sets the MIME
+ character set used by applications</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>These should be set in the user's shell configuration, the
- specific application configuration, and the
+ <para>In addition to the user's shell configuration, these
+ variables should also be set for
+ specific application configuration and
<application>Xorg</application> configuration.</para>
<indexterm><primary>locale</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>login class</primary></indexterm>
- <para>This section describes the two methods for setting
- locale. The first is recommended and assigns the
- environment variables in the
- <link linkend="login-class">login class</link>. The second
- method adds the environment variable assignments to the
- system's shell
- <link linkend="startup-file">startup file</link>.</para>
+ <para>Two methods are available for making the needed variable
+ assignments: the
+ <link linkend="login-class">login class</link> method, which
+ is the recommended method, and the
+ <link linkend="startup-file">startup file</link> method.
+ The next two sections demonstrate how to use both methods.</para>
<sect3 xml:id="login-class">
<title>Login Classes Method</title>
- <para>This method assigns the required environment variables for
+ <para>This first method is the recommended method as it
+ assigns the required environment variables for
locale name and MIME character sets
for every possible shell.
- This setup can be either be
- performed by each user or it can be performed for all users by the
+ This setup can either be
+ performed by each user or it can be configured for all users by the
superuser.</para>
- <para>This minimal example sets both variables for the
- Latin-1 encoding. These lines were added to the
- <filename>.login_conf</filename> in an individual user's
+ <para>This minimal example sets both variables for
+ Latin-1 encoding in the
+ <filename>.login_conf</filename> of an individual user's
home directory:</para>
<programlisting>me:\
@@ -240,9 +236,9 @@
<indexterm><primary>Traditional Chinese</primary>
<secondary>BIG-5 encoding</secondary></indexterm>
<para>Here is an example of a user's
- <filename>.login_conf</filename> that sets the variables
+ <filename>~/.login_conf</filename> that sets the variables
for Traditional Chinese in BIG-5 encoding. More
- variables are set because some applications do not
+ variables are needed because some applications do not
correctly respect locale variables for Chinese,
Japanese, and Korean:</para>
@@ -260,19 +256,16 @@ me:\
:charset=big5:\
:xmodifiers="@im=gcin": #Set gcin as the XIM Input Server</programlisting>
- <para>See &man.login.conf.5; for more
- details.</para>
-
- <para>Alternately, the superuser can configure all users of the system for localization. The following variables in the user's login class in
- <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> set the correct
- language:</para>
+ <para>Alternately, the superuser can configure all users of the system for localization. The following variables in
+ <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> are used to set the locale and
+ MIME character sete:</para>
<programlisting><replaceable>language_name</replaceable>|<replaceable>Account Type Description</replaceable>:\
:charset=<replaceable>MIME_charset</replaceable>:\
:lang=<replaceable>locale_name</replaceable>:\
:tc=default:</programlisting>
- <para>The previous Latin-1 example would look like
+ <para>So, the previous Latin-1 example would look like
this:</para>
<programlisting>german|German Users Accounts:\
@@ -280,73 +273,61 @@ me:\
:lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:\
:tc=default:</programlisting>
+ <para>See &man.login.conf.5; for more
+ details about these variables.</para>
+
<para>Whenever <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> is edited, remember to execute the following
command to update the capability database:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf</userinput></screen>
<sect4>
- <title>Changing Login Classes with
- &man.vipw.8;</title>
+ <title>Utilities Which Change Login Classes</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>vipw</command></primary>
</indexterm>
+
+ <para>In addition to manually editing
+ <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>, several utilities
+ are available for setting the locale for newly created
+ users.</para>
+
<para>When using <command>vipw</command> to add new users,
- use <replaceable>language</replaceable> to set the
- language:</para>
+ specify the <replaceable>language</replaceable> to set the
+ locale:</para>
<programlisting>user:password:1111:11:<replaceable>language</replaceable>:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh</programlisting>
- </sect4>
-
- <sect4>
- <title>Changing Login Classes with
- &man.adduser.8;</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>adduser</command></primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>login class</primary></indexterm>
<para>When using <command>adduser</command> to add new
- users, configure the language as follows:</para>
+ users, the default language can be pre-configured for
+ all new users or specified for an individual user.</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
<para>If all new users use the same language, set
<literal>defaultclass =
language</literal> in
<filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Alternatively, input the specified language at
- this prompt:
+ <para>To override this setting when creating a
+ user, either input the required locale at
+ this prompt:</para>
<screen><prompt>Enter login class: default []:</prompt></screen>
- when creating a new user using
- &man.adduser.8;.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Another alternative is to use the following
- when creating a user that uses a different language
- than the one set in
- <filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>:</para>
+ <para>or specify the locale to set when invoking
+ <command>adduser</command>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser -class language</userinput></screen>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect4>
- <sect4>
- <title>Changing Login Classes with
- &man.pw.8;</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>pw</command></primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>If &man.pw.8; is used to add new users, call
- it in this form:</para>
+ <para>If <command>pw</command> is used to add new users, specify the
+ locale as follows:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw useradd user_name -L language</userinput></screen>
</sect4>
@@ -355,39 +336,33 @@ me:\
<sect3 xml:id="startup-file">
<title>Shell Startup File Method</title>
- <note>
- <para>This method is not recommended because it requires
- a different setup for each shell. Use the <link
- linkend="login-class">Login Class Method</link>
- instead.</para>
- </note>
-
- <indexterm><primary>MIME</primary></indexterm>
- <indexterm><primary>locale</primary></indexterm>
- <para>To add the locale name and MIME character set, set
- the two environment variables shown below in the
- <filename>/etc/profile</filename> or
- <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename> shell startup files.
- This example sets the German language:</para>
-
- <para>In <filename>/etc/profile</filename>:</para>
+ <para>This method is not recommended as each shell that is used requires
+ manual configuration, where each shell has a different configuration file
+ and differing syntax. As an example, to set the German
+ language for the <command>sh</command> shell, these
+ lines could be added to <filename>~/.profile</filename> to set the shell for that user only.
+ Thse lines could also be added to <filename>/etc/profile</filename> or
+ <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename> to set that shell for all users:</para>
<programlisting><envar>LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG</envar>
<envar>MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1; export MM_CHARSET</envar></programlisting>
- <para>Or in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>:</para>
+ <para>However, the name of the configuration file and the
+ syntax used differs for the
+ <command>csh</command> shell. These are the equivalent
+ settings for <filename>~/.csh.login</filename>,
+ <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>, or
+ <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.login</filename>:</para>
<programlisting><envar>setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1</envar>
<envar>setenv MM_CHARSET ISO-8859-1</envar></programlisting>
- <para>Alternatively, add the above settings to
- <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename> or
- <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.login</filename>.</para>
-
- <para>To configure <application>Xorg</application>, add
- <emphasis>one</emphasis> of the following to
- <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename>, depending upon the
- shell:</para>
+ <para>To complicate matters, the syntax needed to configure
+ <application>Xorg</application> in
+ <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> also depends upon the
+ shell. The first example is for the <command>sh</command>
+ shell and the second is for the <command>csh</command>
+ shell.</para>
<programlisting><envar>LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG</envar></programlisting>
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