svn commit: r44809 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail
Dru Lavigne
dru at FreeBSD.org
Sun May 11 16:48:55 UTC 2014
Author: dru
Date: Sun May 11 16:48:54 2014
New Revision: 44809
URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44809
Log:
Editorial review of Replacing MTA chapter.
Add needed periodic.conf entries and update mailer.conf with Postfix example.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
Modified:
head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
==============================================================================
--- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml Sun May 11 15:21:54 2014 (r44808)
+++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml Sun May 11 16:48:54 2014 (r44809)
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ postmaster at example.com postmast
<authorgroup>
<author><personname><firstname>Gregory</firstname><surname>Neil
Shapiro</surname></personname><contrib>Information taken
- from emails written by</contrib></author>
+ from emails written by </contrib></author>
</authorgroup>
</info>
@@ -550,30 +550,22 @@ postmaster at example.com postmast
<para>&os; comes with <application>Sendmail</application> already
installed as the <acronym>MTA</acronym> which is in charge of
- outgoing and incoming mail.</para>
-
- <para>However, the system administrator can change the system's
- <acronym>MTA</acronym>. The reasons for doing so range from
- wanting to try out another <acronym>MTA</acronym> to needing a
- specific feature or package which relies on another
- <acronym>MTA</acronym>. Whatever the reason, &os; makes it
- easy to make the change.</para>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>Install a New <acronym>MTA</acronym></title>
-
- <para>A wide choice of <acronym>MTA</acronym>s is available
- from the <literal>mail</literal> category of the <link
- linkend="ports">&os; Ports Collection</link>.</para>
-
- <para>Once a new <acronym>MTA</acronym> is installed, configure
- the new software and decide if it really fulfills your needs
- before replacing <application>Sendmail</application>.</para>
-
- <para>Refer to the new chosen <acronym>MTA</acronym>'s
- documentation for information on how to configure the
- software.</para>
- </sect2>
+ outgoing and incoming mail. However, the system administrator
+ can change the system's <acronym>MTA</acronym>. A wide choice
+ of alternative <acronym>MTA</acronym>s is available from the
+ <literal>mail</literal> category of the &os; Ports
+ Collection.</para>
+
+ <para>Once a new <acronym>MTA</acronym> is installed, configure
+ and test the new software before replacing
+ <application>Sendmail</application>. Refer to the documentation
+ of the new <acronym>MTA</acronym> for information on how to
+ configure the software.</para>
+
+ <para>Once the new <acronym>MTA</acronym> is working, use the
+ instructions in this section to disable
+ <application>Sendmail</application> and configure &os; to use
+ the replacement <acronym>MTA</acronym>.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="mail-disable-sendmail">
<title>Disable <application>Sendmail</application></title>
@@ -586,14 +578,13 @@ postmaster at example.com postmast
their results by email. Many parts of the system expect a
functional <acronym>MTA</acronym>. If applications continue
to use <application>Sendmail</application>'s binaries to try
- to send email they are disabled, mail could go into an
- inactive <application>Sendmail</application> queue, and
+ to send email after they are disabled, mail could go into an
+ inactive <application>Sendmail</application> queue and
never be delivered.</para>
</warning>
<para>In order to completely disable
- <application>Sendmail</application>, including the outgoing
- mail service, add or edit the following lines in
+ <application>Sendmail</application>, add or edit the following lines in
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>sendmail_enable="NO"
@@ -602,90 +593,99 @@ sendmail_outbound_enable="NO"
sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"</programlisting>
<para>To only disable <application>Sendmail</application>'s
- incoming mail service, set</para>
+ incoming mail service, use only this entry in
+ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>sendmail_enable="NO"</programlisting>
- <para>in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. More information
+ <para>More information
on <application>Sendmail</application>'s startup options
is available in &man.rc.sendmail.8;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
- <title>Running the New <acronym>MTA</acronym> on Boot</title>
+ <title>Replace the Default <acronym>MTA</acronym></title>
- <para>The new <acronym>MTA</acronym> can be started during
- boot by adding a configuration line to
- <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. This example enables the
+ <para>When a new <acronym>MTA</acronym> is installed using the
+ Ports Collection, its startup script is also installed and
+ startup instructions are mentioned in its package message.
+ Before starting the new <acronym>MTA</acronym>, stop the
+ running <application>Sendmail</application> processes. This
+ example stops all of these services, then starts the
+ <application>Postfix</application> service:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sendmail stop</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service postfix start</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>To start the replacement <acronym>MTA</acronym> at system boot,
+ add its configuration line to
+ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. This entry enables the
Postfix <acronym>MTA</acronym>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; echo
-'<replaceable>postfix</replaceable>_enable=<quote>YES</quote>'
->> /etc/rc.conf</screen>
+ <programlisting>postfix_enable="YES"</programlisting>
- <para>The specified <acronym>MTA</acronym> will now be
- automatically started during boot.</para>
- </sect2>
+ <para>Some extra configuration is needed as
+ <application>Sendmail</application> is so ubiquitous that some software assumes
+ it is already installed and configured. Check
+ <filename>/etc/periodic.conf</filename> and make sure that
+ these values are set to <literal>NO</literal>. If this file
+ does not exist, create it with these entries:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>daily_clean_hoststat_enable="NO"
+daily_status_mail_rejects_enable="NO"
+daily_status_include_submit_mailq="NO"
+daily_submit_queuerun="NO"</programlisting>
- <sect2>
- <title>Replacing <application>Sendmail</application> as
- the System's Default Mailer</title>
-
- <para><application>Sendmail</application> is so ubiquitous as
- standard software on &unix; systems that some software assumes
- it is already installed and configured. For this reason, many
- alternative <acronym>MTA</acronym>s provide their own
+ <para>Some alternative <acronym>MTA</acronym>s provide their own
compatible implementations of the
<application>Sendmail</application> command-line interface in
- order to facilitate using them as <quote>drop-in</quote>
- replacements for <application>Sendmail</application>.</para>
+ order to facilitate using them as drop-in
+ replacements for <application>Sendmail</application>.
+ However, some <acronym>MUA</acronym>s may
+ try to execute standard
+ <application>Sendmail</application> binaries instead of the
+ new <acronym>MTA</acronym>'s binaries. &os; uses
+ <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> to map the expected
+ <application>Sendmail</application> binaries to the location of the new
+ binaries. More information about this mapping can be found in
+ &man.mailwrapper.8;.</para>
- <para>When using an alternative <acronym>MTA</acronym>,
- make sure that software trying to execute standard
- <application>Sendmail</application> binaries, such as
- <filename>/usr/bin/sendmail</filename>, actually execute
- the chosen mailer instead. Fortunately, &os; provides a
- system called &man.mailwrapper.8; for this purpose.</para>
-
- <para>When <application>Sendmail</application> is operating
- as installed,
- <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> will look like
+ <para>The default
+ <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> looks like
this:</para>
- <programlisting>sendmail /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
-send-mail /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
-mailq /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
-newaliases /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
-hoststat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
-purgestat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail</programlisting>
+ <programlisting># $FreeBSD$
+#
+# Execute the "real" sendmail program, named /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
+#
+sendmail /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
+send-mail /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
+mailq /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
+newaliases /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
+hoststat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
+purgestat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail</programlisting>
<para>When any of the commands listed on the left are run,
the system actually executes the associated command shown on
- the right instead. This system makes it easy to change what
+ the right. This system makes it easy to change what
binaries are executed when these default
- <filename>Sendmail</filename> functions are invoked.</para>
-
- <para>As an example, to run
- <filename>/usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat</filename>
- instead of <application>Sendmail</application>, specify the
- paths to the installed applications in
- <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename>:</para>
-
- <programlisting>sendmail /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
-send-mail /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
-mailq /usr/local/supermailer/bin/mailq-compat
-newaliases /usr/local/supermailer/bin/newaliases-compat
-hoststat /usr/local/supermailer/bin/hoststat-compat
-purgestat /usr/local/supermailer/bin/purgestat-compat</programlisting>
- </sect2>
+ binaries are invoked.</para>
- <sect2>
- <title>Finishing</title>
+ <para>Some <acronym>MTA</acronym>s, when installed using the
+ Ports Collection, will prompt to update this file for the new
+ binaries. For example, <application>Postfix</application>
+ will update the file like this:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>#
+# Execute the Postfix sendmail program, named /usr/local/sbin/sendmail
+#
+sendmail /usr/local/sbin/sendmail
+send-mail /usr/local/sbin/sendmail
+mailq /usr/local/sbin/sendmail
+newaliases /usr/local/sbin/sendmail</programlisting>
- <para>Once everything is configured, either kill the
- unneeded <application>sendmail</application> processes and
- start the processes belonging to the new software, or
- reboot. Rebooting provides the opportunity to ensure that
+ <para>Once everything is configured, it is recommended to
+ reboot the system. Rebooting provides the opportunity to ensure that
the system is correctly configured to start the new
<acronym>MTA</acronym> automatically on boot.</para>
</sect2>
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