why must boot in single mode.

[Skylar Thompson]

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LeKhoi wrote:

| Hi Chuck and Kris
|
| I am also interesting in the scenario. Some FreeBSD boxes are being
| used for webserving in a production environment from data centres.
|
|
| If this upgrading procedures is in question and is forced to reboot
| into single user mode (which is not practical as I am not in the
| data centre) then is there a way that we could upgrade the box
| safely remotely? Even if we need to shut down the server.


I guess I have a few things to say to this, based on personal experience:

1. If the box works, why upgrade? All you really need to do is apply
individual security patches, which does not require single-user mode.
2. If you do need to upgrade, then you should count on requiring
single-user mode if anything goes wrong.
3. Many boxen in data centers, even low-end boxen like Poweredges and
Proliants, have either integrated remote-management modules or options
for them. Even if they don't have that, the BIOS of any real server
will support redirection to a serial port that will allow you to use a
modem to dial-in to the console. Even if it can't do that, decent KVM
switches will have that kind of functionality. Any of these will allow
you to get a remote console for work with the BIOS/single-user mode.

- --
- -- Skylar Thompson (skylar at cs.earlham.edu)
- -- http://www.cs.earlham.edu/~skylar/
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