explicit use of /etc/rc.d vs service
Eitan Adler
lists at eitanadler.com
Thu Jan 24 17:29:49 UTC 2013
On 24 January 2013 10:36, Warren Block <wblock at wonkity.com> wrote:
> On Wed, 23 Jan 2013, Eitan Adler wrote:
>
>> Would anyone object to a patch which converts uses of
>> "/etc/rc.d/daemon start" to "service daemon start" and the like?
>> I would like to see service(1) become the standard interface to using
>> services.
>
>
> Agreed. service(1) puts things in one place and abstracts them. Also, it's
> less typing and easier to autocomplete.
Patch follows, also attached.
commit c1cdabe869a82aa9ab56a30fee78530fc38ac8e3
Author: Eitan Adler <lists at eitanadler.com>
Date: Thu Jan 24 12:26:10 2013 -0500
Prefer the use of service(1) to explicit invocation of /etc/rc.d
scripts: service(1) puts things in one place and abstracts them.
Also, it's less
typing and easier to autocomplete.
While here modernize one script example by removing the ".sh" suffix.
Discussed on: -doc
Reviewed by: ???
Approved by: ??? (mentor)
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
index dd1680c..82c190a 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ ifconfig_wlan0="DHCP"</programlisting>
<para>At this point, you are ready to bring up the
wireless interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif start</userinput></screen>
<para>Once the interface is running, use
<command>ifconfig</command> to see the status of the
@@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"</programlisting>
<para>Then we can bring up the interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root;
<userinput><filename>/etc/rc.d/netif</filename> start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><filename>service
netif</filename> start</userinput>
Starting wpa_supplicant.
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 5
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6
@@ -1513,10 +1513,9 @@ wlan0:
flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
<programlisting>wlans_ath0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"</programlisting>
- <para>The next step is to bring up the interface with the
- help of the <filename>rc.d</filename> facility:</para>
+ <para>The next step is to bring up the interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif start</userinput>
Starting wpa_supplicant.
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15
@@ -1607,7 +1606,7 @@ ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"</programlisting>
<para>The next step is to bring up the interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif start</userinput>
Starting wpa_supplicant.
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15
@@ -1719,7 +1718,7 @@ ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"</programlisting>
<para>Then we can bring up the interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif start</userinput>
Starting wpa_supplicant.
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15
@@ -2090,7 +2089,7 @@ wpa_pairwise=CCMP TKIP <co
id="co-ap-wpapsk-pwise"/></programlisting>
<para>The next step is to start
<application>hostapd</application>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/hostapd
forcestart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service hostapd
forcestart</userinput></screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig
<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable></userinput>
wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 2290
@@ -2330,13 +2329,13 @@ ubt0: Interface 0 endpoints: interrupt=0x81,
bulk-in=0x82, bulk-out=0x2
ubt0: Interface 1 (alt.config 5) endpoints: isoc-in=0x83, isoc-out=0x3,
wMaxPacketSize=49, nframes=6, buffer size=294</screen>
- <para>The <filename>/etc/rc.d/bluetooth</filename> script
+ <para>&man.service.8;
is used to start and stop the Bluetooth stack. It is a good
idea to stop the stack before unplugging the device, but it is
not (usually) fatal. When starting the stack, you will
receive output similar to the following:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/bluetooth start
ubt0</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service bluetooth start ubt0</userinput>
BD_ADDR: 00:02:72:00:d4:1a
Features: 0xff 0xff 0xf 00 00 00 00 00
<3-Slot> <5-Slot> <Encryption> <Slot offset>
@@ -2687,7 +2686,7 @@ Bluetooth Profile Descriptor List:
<para>Then the <application>sdpd</application> daemon can be
started with:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sdpd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sdpd start</userinput></screen>
<para>The local server application that wants to provide
Bluetooth service to the remote clients will register service
@@ -4169,7 +4168,7 @@ margaux:ha=0123456789ab:tc=.def100</programlisting>
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> file for this command
to execute correctly:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -4208,7 +4207,7 @@ margaux:ha=0123456789ab:tc=.def100</programlisting>
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> at the first step, you
probably want to reboot instead.</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/mountd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service mountd
restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
@@ -4442,7 +4441,7 @@ cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution</programlisting>
<step>
<para>Restart the NFS server:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/nfsd restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service nfsd restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
@@ -4460,7 +4459,7 @@ cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution</programlisting>
<step>
<para>Restart inetd:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml
index 646fb9d..642ce69 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ requirements. -->
<para>Audit support must then be started by a reboot, or by
manually starting the audit daemon:</para>
- <programlisting>/etc/rc.d/auditd start</programlisting>
+ <programlisting>service auditd start</programlisting>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="audit-config">
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
index d710731..ef5d984 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ HOME=/var/log
For instance, &man.sshd.8; can be restarted with the following
command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd restart</userinput></screen>
<para>This procedure is similar for other services. Of course,
services are usually started automatically at boot time as
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ HOME=/var/log
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> setting, execute the following
command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd
onerestart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd
onerestart</userinput></screen>
<para>It is easy to check if a service is enabled in
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> by running the appropriate
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ HOME=/var/log
<command>sshd</command> is in fact enabled in
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> by running:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd rcvar</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd rcvar</userinput>
# sshd
$sshd_enable=YES</screen>
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ $sshd_enable=YES</screen>
<option>status</option> option is available. For instance to
verify that <command>sshd</command> is actually started:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd status</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd status</userinput>
sshd is running as pid 433.</screen>
<para>In some cases it is also possible to <option>reload</option>
@@ -1218,14 +1218,14 @@ ifconfig_dc1="inet 10.0.0.1 netmask
255.255.255.0 media 10baseT/UTP"</programlis
configuration errors. Alternatively you can just relaunch the
networking system:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif
restart</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>If a default gateway has been set in
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, use also this
command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/routing
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service routing restart</userinput></screen>
</note>
<para>Once the networking system has been relaunched, you should
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
index 176c7b2..345fdc4 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
@@ -3364,7 +3364,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
<para>Now restart <command>inetd</command>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@@ -3542,7 +3542,7 @@ sector_size = 2048
<filename>/etc/gbde/ad4s1c.lock</filename>.
<application>gbde</application> lock files must end in
<quote>.lock</quote> in order to be correctly detected
- by the <filename>/etc/rc.d/gbde</filename> start up
+ by the <filename>service gbde</filename> start up
script.</para>
<caution>
@@ -4422,7 +4422,7 @@ Device 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
local disk, and start the &man.hastd.8; daemon:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hastctl create test</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/hastd onestart</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service hastd onestart</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>It is <emphasis>not</emphasis> possible to use GEOM
@@ -4554,7 +4554,7 @@ notify 30 {
<para>Restart &man.devd.8; on both nodes to put the new
configuration into effect:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/devd restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service devd restart</userinput></screen>
<para>When the <devicename>carp0</devicename> interface goes
up or down (i.e., the interface state changes), the system
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems/chapter.xml
index c3eeb38..3602d92 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems/chapter.xml
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ vfs.zfs.vdev.cache.size="5M"</programlisting>
commands:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'zfs_enable="YES"'
>> /etc/rc.conf</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/zfs start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service zfs start</userinput></screen>
<para>The remainder of this document assumes three
<acronym>SCSI</acronym> disks are available, and their
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
index 05de47d..e3da494 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
<para>Then run the startup script to load the module:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/pf
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service pf start</userinput></screen>
<para>Note that the PF Module will not load if it cannot find
the ruleset config file. The default location is
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
<para>Then run the startup script to load the module:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/pflog
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service pflog start</userinput></screen>
<para>If you need other <acronym>PF</acronym> features you will
need to compile <acronym>PF</acronym> support into the
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ LOG_ERR - packets which have been logged and which
can be considered short</scre
<para>To activate the changes to <filename>/etc/syslog.conf
</filename> you can reboot or bump the &man.syslogd.8;
daemon into re-reading <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename>
- by running <command>/etc/rc.d/syslogd reload</command></para>
+ by running <command>service syslogd reload</command></para>
<para>Do not forget to change
<filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf</filename> to rotate the new
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
index 71cf55c..264d0c6 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
@@ -370,12 +370,12 @@
jail_<replaceable>www</replaceable>_devfs_ruleset="<replaceable>www_ruleset</rep
</step>
</procedure>
- <para>The <filename>/etc/rc.d/jail</filename> script can be used to
+ <para>The <filename>service jail</filename> script can be used to
start or stop a jail by hand, if an entry for it exists in
<filename>rc.conf</filename>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail start
<replaceable>www</replaceable></userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail stop
<replaceable>www</replaceable></userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail start
<replaceable>www</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail stop
<replaceable>www</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>A clean way to shut down a &man.jail.8; is not available at
the moment. This is because commands normally used to accomplish
@@ -858,10 +858,10 @@ jail_www_devfs_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>In this phase, the jails are built and prepared to
run. First, mount the required file systems for each
jail, and then start them using the
- <filename>/etc/rc.d/jail</filename> script:</para>
+ <filename>service jail</filename> script:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail start</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ jail_www_devfs_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<step>
<para>The right time to stop the jails is now:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail stop</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail stop</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Unmount the original file systems:</para>
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ jail_www_devfs_enable="YES"</programlisting>
start the jails:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail start</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
index b9c42c0..bd77283 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ done</programlisting>
<step><para>Start the license server.</para>
<para>The following script, installed as
- <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/lmgrd.sh</filename> is a
+ <filename>/usr/local/rtc/rc.d/lmgrd</filename> is a
convenient way to start up <command>lmgrd</command>:</para>
<programlisting> ----- snip ------------
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ FEATURE Maple maplelmg 2000.0831 permanent 1 XXXXXXXXXXXX \
<step>
<para>Create a startup file at
- <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh</filename>. The
+ <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm</filename>. The
example below is a modified version of the distributed
<filename>$MATLAB/etc/rc.lm.glnx86</filename>. The changes
are file locations, and startup of the license manager
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ exit 0</programlisting>
<important>
<para>The file must be made executable:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod +x
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod +x
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm</userinput></screen>
<para>You must also replace
<replaceable>username</replaceable> above with the name
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ exit 0</programlisting>
<step>
<para>Start the license manager with the command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service flexlm start</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect2>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mac/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mac/chapter.xml
index adb4c4d..a0c4594 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mac/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mac/chapter.xml
@@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@ default_labels socket ?biba</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /etc/mail && make
stop && \
setpmac biba/equal make start && setpmac biba/10\(10-10\)
apachectl start && \
-setpmac biba/10\(10-10\) /usr/local/etc/rc.d/nagios.sh
forcestart</userinput></screen>
+setpmac biba/10\(10-10\) service nagios.sh forcestart</userinput></screen>
<para>Double check to ensure that everything is working
properly. If not, check the log files or error messages. Use
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
index 12cd797..3c63bbd 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
@@ -1589,7 +1589,7 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting>
<para>and finally start the saslauthd daemon:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/saslauthd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service saslauthd start</userinput></screen>
<para>This daemon serves as a broker for
<application>sendmail</application> to
authenticate against your FreeBSD <filename>passwd</filename>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
index 6856ac9..578cf6f 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
@@ -1578,7 +1578,7 @@ bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM
tuner.</programlisting>
<para>Start the backend:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo
'mythbackend_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mythbackend
start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service mythbackend start</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
</sect1>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
index c88c3c4..af24044 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<application>inetd</application> starting at boot time.
The command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd
rcvar</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd rcvar</userinput></screen>
<para>
can be run to display the current effective setting.</para>
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
<title>Reloading the <application>inetd</application>
Configuration File</title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd reload</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd reload</userinput></screen>
</example>
<para>Each line of the configuration file specifies an
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ mountd_flags="-r"</programlisting>
<para>or by invoking the <command>mountd</command> &man.rc.8;
script with the appropriate parameter:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/mountd
onereload</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service mountd
onereload</userinput></screen>
<para>Please refer to <xref linkend="configtuning-rcd"/> for more
information about using rc scripts.</para>
@@ -864,8 +864,8 @@ rpc_statd_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>Start the application by using:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/lockd start</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/statd start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service lockd start</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service statd start</userinput></screen>
<para>If real locking between the <acronym>NFS</acronym> clients
and <acronym>NFS</acronym> server is not required, it is
@@ -1565,7 +1565,7 @@ Exports list on foobar:
initializing the NIS maps, start the
<application>ypserv</application> daemon manually:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/ypserv start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service ypserv start</userinput></screen>
</sect4>
<sect4>
@@ -1848,7 +1848,7 @@ nis_client_enable="YES"</programlisting>
following commands as the superuser:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/netstart</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/ypbind start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service ypbind start</userinput></screen>
<para>After completing these steps, you should be able to
run <command>ypcat passwd</command> and see the NIS
@@ -2971,7 +2971,7 @@ dhcpd_ifaces="dc0"</programlisting>
<para>Then, you can proceed to start the server by issuing
the following command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/isc-dhcpd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service isc-dhcpd start</userinput></screen>
<para>Should you need to make changes to the configuration
of your server in the future, it is important to note that
@@ -3339,7 +3339,7 @@ dhcpd_ifaces="dc0"</programlisting>
To start the server one time with
this configuration, use the following command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/named
onestart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service named
onestart</userinput></screen>
<para>To ensure the <application>named</application> daemon is
started at boot each time, put the following line into the
@@ -4586,7 +4586,7 @@ $include Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key ;
ZSK</programlisting>
installs an &man.rc.8; script to aid in starting, stopping,
and restarting <application>Apache</application>, which can be
found in the <filename
- class="directory">/usr/local/etc/rc.d/</filename>
+ class="directory">service </filename>
directory.</para>
<para>To launch <application>Apache</application> at system
@@ -4609,7 +4609,7 @@ $include Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key ;
ZSK</programlisting>
or by the &man.service.8; utility by issuing one of the
following commands:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22
configtest</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service apache22
configtest</userinput></screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service apache22
configtest</userinput></screen>
<note>
@@ -4622,10 +4622,8 @@ $include Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key ;
ZSK</programlisting>
<para>If <application>Apache</application> does not report
configuration errors, the
<application>Apache</application> <command>httpd</command>
- can be started with the same &man.rc.8; and &man.service.8;
- mechanisms:</para>
+ can be started with &man.service.8;:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22
start</userinput></screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service apache22
start</userinput></screen>
<para>The <command>httpd</command> service can be tested by
@@ -5049,7 +5047,7 @@ DocumentRoot /www/someotherdomain.tld
manually by executing the following command as
<username>root</username>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/ftpd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service ftpd start</userinput></screen>
<para>You can now log on to your FTP server by typing:</para>
@@ -5334,7 +5332,7 @@ DocumentRoot /www/someotherdomain.tld
<para>It is possible then to start
<application>Samba</application> at any time by typing:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba
start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service samba start</userinput>
Starting SAMBA: removing stale tdbs :
Starting nmbd.
Starting smbd.</screen>
@@ -5354,7 +5352,7 @@ Starting smbd.</screen>
<para>You can stop <application>Samba</application> at any time
by typing :</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba
stop</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service samba stop</userinput></screen>
<para><application>Samba</application> is a complex software
suite with functionality that allows broad integration with
@@ -5731,7 +5729,7 @@ syslogd_flags="-a logclient.example.com -v
-v"</programlisting>
<para>At this point, the <command>syslogd</command> daemon
should be restarted and verified:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/syslogd restart</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service syslogd restart</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>pgrep syslog</userinput></screen>
<para>If a <acronym>PID</acronym> is returned, the server has
@@ -5807,7 +5805,7 @@ syslogd_flags="-s -v -v"</programlisting>
<para>Once added, <command>syslogd</command> must be restarted
for the changes to take effect:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/syslogd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service syslogd
restart</userinput></screen>
<para>To test that log messages are being sent across the
network, use &man.logger.1; on the client to send a message to
@@ -5844,7 +5842,7 @@ syslogd_flags="-s -v -v"</programlisting>
<programlisting>syslogd_flags="-d -a logclien.example.com -v
-v"</programlisting>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/syslogd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service syslogd
restart</userinput></screen>
<para>Debugging data similar to the following will flash on the
screen immediately after the restart:</para>
@@ -5869,7 +5867,7 @@ rejected in rule 0 due to name mismatch.</screen>
<literal>logclien</literal>. After the proper alterations
are made, a restart is issued with expected results:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/syslogd restart</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service syslogd restart</userinput>
logmsg: pri 56, flags 4, from logserv.example.com, msg syslogd: restart
syslogd: restarted
logmsg: pri 6, flags 4, from logserv.example.com, msg syslogd: kernel
boot file is /boot/kernel/kernel
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
index 24ea0b2..1a4caf5 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
@@ -2953,7 +2953,7 @@ water.CS.Example localhost.Example. UGH
34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438
<para>To apply the settings immediately you can execute the
following command as <username>root</username>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; /etc/rc.d/routing start</screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; service routing start</screen>
<para>Please refer to <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/> on
Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel for help in
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
index 718b71a..4cf46b6 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
@@ -1484,9 +1484,9 @@ qpopper : ALL : allow</programlisting>
<para>After adding this line, <application>inetd</application>
will need to be restarted. This can be accomplished by use of
- the &man.kill.1; command, or with the
- <parameter>restart</parameter> parameter with
- <filename>/etc/rc.d/inetd</filename>.</para>
+ &man.kill.1; or by &man.service.8;:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd restart</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@@ -1859,8 +1859,8 @@ Password: <userinput>xxxxxxxx</userinput>
Verifying password - Password: <userinput>xxxxxxxx</userinput></screen>
<para>Now it is time to start up the <acronym>KDC</acronym>
- services. Run <command>/etc/rc.d/kerberos start</command> and
- <command>/etc/rc.d/kadmind start</command> to bring up the
+ services. Run <command>service kerberos start</command> and
+ <command>service kadmind start</command> to bring up the
services. Note that you will not have any kerberized daemons
running at this point but you should be able to confirm that
the <acronym>KDC</acronym> is functioning by obtaining and
@@ -1984,7 +1984,7 @@ kadmin><userinput> exit</userinput></screen>
example we will enable the <command>telnet</command> service
by putting a line like this into your
<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> and then restarting the
- &man.inetd.8; service with <command>/etc/rc.d/inetd
+ &man.inetd.8; service with <command>service inetd
restart</command>:</para>
<programlisting>telnet stream tcp nowait root
/usr/libexec/telnetd telnetd -a user</programlisting>
@@ -3208,10 +3208,10 @@ racoon_enable="yes"</programlisting>
<para>This will load &man.sshd.8;, the daemon program for
<application>OpenSSH</application>, the next time your
system initializes. Alternatively, it is possible to use
- <filename>/etc/rc.d/sshd</filename> &man.rc.8; script to
+ &man.service.8; to
start <application>OpenSSH</application>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd start</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@@ -3600,7 +3600,7 @@ user at unfirewalled-system.example.org's password:
<userinput>*******</userinput><
<filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename> you must tell
&man.sshd.8; to reload its config files, by running:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd
reload</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd reload</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml
index e9a0845..4d760b1 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator</programlisting>
<para>Then, restart devfs:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/devfs
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service devfs
restart</userinput></screen>
<para>USB can now be enabled in the guest operating system. USB
devices should be visible in the &virtualbox;
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator</programlisting>
perm xpt0 0660
perm pass* 0660</programlisting>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/devfs
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service devfs
restart</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<!--
--
Eitan Adler
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