ipfw rules for ikev2/ipsec

From: Gary Aitken <freebsd_at_dreamchaser.org>
Date: Sun, 23 Apr 2023 17:47:49 UTC
Trying to get a black-box cell booster set up; new to vpn
Internal net is using NAT
Using tcpdump I see the following on my internal net:

IP internal_dhcp_ip.500 > 69.78.33.148.500: isakmp: parent_sa ikev2_init[I]

That looks like it's trying to set up a vpn connection to verizon
using ikev2/ipsec.

I already had the following rule:
   08411 allow udp from any to any out keep-state :default

However, I saw nothing going out.
So added this:
   07120 allow udp from my_internal_net to any 500 keep-state :default

And now I see these going to the outside:

IP a.b.c.d.500 > 69.78.33.148.500: isakmp: parent_sa ikev2_init[I]

However, I see nothing coming back.
Tried adding similar rules for ports 4500, 1500, 1701 but that made
no difference.
Tried adding esp and ah protocols as in:
   07150 allow esp from my_internal_net to any 50 keep-state :default
Not sure how to deal with esp and ah protocols, and ipsec on 1701.

Questions:

1. Why did I need the explicit rule at 7120?  Why doesn't 8411 suffice?
2. What am I missing?

Thanks,

Gary