[Bug 282514] lang/v8: fix build with libc++ 19

https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=282514

            Bug ID: 282514
           Summary: lang/v8: fix build with libc++ 19
           Product: Ports & Packages
           Version: Latest
          Hardware: Any
                OS: Any
            Status: New
          Severity: Affects Some People
          Priority: ---
         Component: Individual Port(s)
          Assignee: sunpoet@FreeBSD.org
          Reporter: dim@FreeBSD.org
          Assignee: sunpoet@FreeBSD.org
             Flags: maintainer-feedback?(sunpoet@FreeBSD.org)

As noted in the libc++ 19 release notes [1], std::char_traits<> is now
only provided for char, char8_t, char16_t, char32_t and wchar_t, and any
instantiation for other types will fail.

This causes lang/v8 to fail to compile with clang 19 and libc++ 19,
resulting in errors similar to:

  /usr/include/c++/v1/string:820:42: error: implicit instantiation of undefined
template 'std::char_traits<unsigned short>'
    820 |   static_assert(is_same<_CharT, typename
traits_type::char_type>::value,
        |                                          ^
  ../../src/inspector/v8-string-conversions.cc:387:26: note: in instantiation
of template class 'std::basic_string<unsigned short>' requested here
    387 | std::basic_string<UChar> UTF8ToUTF16(const char* stringStart, size_t
length) {
        |                          ^
  /usr/include/c++/v1/__fwd/string.h:23:29: note: template is declared here
     23 | struct _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS char_traits;
        |                             ^

Upstream v8 has fixed this in commit 182d9c05e78 [2], so add it as a
backported patch, until the next version of v8 is released.

[1] https://libcxx.llvm.org/ReleaseNotes/19.html#deprecations-and-removals
[2] https://chromium.googlesource.com/v8/v8.git/+/182d9c05e78

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