WD Blue 510 SSD and strange write performance

From: mike tancsa <mike_at_sentex.net>
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2024 18:47:01 UTC
This might be more of a hardware question than anything, but I noticed 
the drive is fairly fast on initial writes, but dramatically slows down 
over time with a consistent write.

At bootup time, I can blast out a file (UFS2 mount)

#  dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/tmp/junk.bin.`date "+%s"` bs=1m 
status=progress count=4000
   3735027712 bytes (3735 MB, 3562 MiB) transferred 7.014s, 533 MB/s
#

nice and fast.  But subsequent writes really start to tank.

#  dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/tmp/junk.bin.`date "+%s"` bs=1m 
status=progress count=4000
   4128243712 bytes (4128 MB, 3937 MiB) transferred 46.048s, 90 MB/s

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/tmp/junk.bin.`date "+%s"` bs=1m 
status=progress count=4000
   3992977408 bytes (3993 MB, 3808 MiB) transferred 31.016s, 129 MB/s

If I wait for 2min, it seems to be back to normal

  # sleep 120 ; dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/tmp/junk.bin.`date "+%s"` bs=1m 
status=progress count=4000
   4137680896 bytes (4138 MB, 3946 MiB) transferred 9.025s, 458 MB/s

Is there something going on behind the scenes limiting the amount of 
sustained writes these drives can handle ? Is it just a limitation of 
the SSD ?  I didnt notice such issues on some consumer Samsungs. The 
problem initially showed up for me when I was doing a series of zfs send 
| zfs recv on the same pool (so a lot of reads and writes at the same 
time) and I would get a bunch of errors on the WD disks.  Replacing them 
with Samsungs avoids the errors.


=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     WD Blue SA510 2.5 1000GB
Serial Number:    240406800001
LU WWN Device Id: 5 001b44 8b334e00b
Firmware Version: 52046100
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
TRIM Command:     Available, deterministic
Device is:        Not in smartctl database 7.3/5528
ATA Version is:   ACS-4, ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Thu Mar 14 14:41:58 2024 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

# camcontrol iden ada1
pass1: <WD Blue SA510 2.5 1000GB 52046100> ACS-4 ATA SATA 3.x device
pass1: 600.000MB/s transfers (SATA 3.x, UDMA6, PIO 512bytes)

protocol              ACS-4 ATA SATA 3.x
device model          WD Blue SA510 2.5 1000GB
firmware revision     52046100
serial number         240406800001
WWN                   5001b448b334e00b
additional product id
cylinders             16383
heads                 16
sectors/track         63
sector size           logical 512, physical 512, offset 0
LBA supported         268435455 sectors
LBA48 supported       1953525168 sectors
PIO supported         PIO4
DMA supported         WDMA2 UDMA6
media RPM             non-rotating
Zoned-Device Commands no

Feature                      Support  Enabled   Value Vendor
read ahead                     yes      yes
write cache                    yes      yes
flush cache                    yes      yes
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)   yes              32 tags
NCQ Priority Information       no
NCQ Non-Data Command           no
NCQ Streaming                  no
Receive & Send FPDMA Queued    no
NCQ Autosense                  no
SMART                          yes      yes
security                       yes      no
power management               yes      yes
microcode download             yes      yes
advanced power management      yes      no      0/0x00
automatic acoustic management  no       no
media status notification      no       no
power-up in Standby            no       no
write-read-verify              no       no
unload                         no       no
general purpose logging        yes      yes
free-fall                      no       no
sense data reporting           no       no
extended power conditions      no       no
device statistics notification no       no
Data Set Management (DSM/TRIM) yes
DSM - max 512byte blocks       yes              8
DSM - deterministic read       yes              any value
Trusted Computing              no
encrypts all user data         no
Sanitize                       yes              block,
Sanitize - commands allowed    yes
Sanitize - antifreeze lock     yes
Host Protected Area (HPA)      no
Accessible Max Address Config  yes      no 1953525168/1953525168


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