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Hermes SMTP Server) with ESMTPA ID e9c4dd6996efce00531862001c3e320e; Fri, 08 Jul 2022 19:24:06 +0000 (UTC) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 List-Id: Porting FreeBSD to ARM processors List-Archive: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-arm List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: Sender: owner-freebsd-arm@freebsd.org Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 14.0 \(3654.120.0.1.13\)) Subject: Re: Installing 13.1 ARM on SSD From: Mark Millard In-Reply-To: Date: Fri, 8 Jul 2022 12:24:04 -0700 Cc: "freebsd-arm@freebsd.org" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Message-Id: References: To: "Wall, Stephen" X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3654.120.0.1.13) X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 4Lfk5G6wcZz3SJv X-Spamd-Bar: --- Authentication-Results: mx1.freebsd.org; dkim=pass header.d=yahoo.com header.s=s2048 header.b=OEpjw2xp; dmarc=pass (policy=reject) header.from=yahoo.com; spf=pass (mx1.freebsd.org: domain of marklmi@yahoo.com designates 98.137.65.31 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=marklmi@yahoo.com X-Spamd-Result: default: False [-3.50 / 15.00]; NEURAL_HAM_LONG(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_SHORT(-1.00)[-1.000]; NEURAL_HAM_MEDIUM(-1.00)[-0.999]; DMARC_POLICY_ALLOW(-0.50)[yahoo.com,reject]; MV_CASE(0.50)[]; R_SPF_ALLOW(-0.20)[+ptr:yahoo.com]; R_DKIM_ALLOW(-0.20)[yahoo.com:s=s2048]; MIME_GOOD(-0.10)[text/plain]; ARC_NA(0.00)[]; DWL_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[yahoo.com:dkim]; TO_DN_EQ_ADDR_SOME(0.00)[]; FROM_HAS_DN(0.00)[]; MID_RHS_MATCH_FROM(0.00)[]; TO_MATCH_ENVRCPT_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_TLS_LAST(0.00)[]; FREEMAIL_ENVFROM(0.00)[yahoo.com]; RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE(0.00)[98.137.65.31:from]; FREEMAIL_FROM(0.00)[yahoo.com]; TO_DN_SOME(0.00)[]; RCVD_VIA_SMTP_AUTH(0.00)[]; ASN(0.00)[asn:36647, ipnet:98.137.64.0/20, country:US]; RCVD_COUNT_THREE(0.00)[3]; RCPT_COUNT_TWO(0.00)[2]; DKIM_TRACE(0.00)[yahoo.com:+]; MIME_TRACE(0.00)[0:+]; FROM_EQ_ENVFROM(0.00)[]; MLMMJ_DEST(0.00)[freebsd-arm] X-ThisMailContainsUnwantedMimeParts: N On 2022-Jul-8, at 10:40, Wall, Stephen wrote: > I am attempting to install FreeBSD/ARM 13.1 on a RPi4 with a USB3 SSD = attached. > Steps I=E2=80=99ve taken: > - Used Raspberry Pi Imager to set the board to boot from USB first, SD = card second > - downloaded and burned FreeBSD 13.1 arm65-aarch64-RPI image > - booted and run bsdinstall > - selected ZFS > - selected the USB SSD > =20 > Installation ran to completion, but when I reboot without the SD card, = I get a =E2=80=9CFirmware not found=E2=80=9D error message. > Searching the web gives lots of results for linux, but I can=E2=80=99t = find anything for FreeBSD. > Has anyone successfully done an install like this, and can point me = toward some resources that will get me straightened out? I've somewhat generalized these notes beyond the aarch64 RPi* specifics. Various devices require more than FreeeBSD installed in order to boot. aarch64 SOC based examples include: RPi*'s PINE64 PINE64-LTS PINEBOOK ROCK64 ROCKPROD64 These need to have RPi* firmware and/or U-Boot (and sometimes other related softwaere) or other such (e.g, EDK2) installed as well. FreeBSD's installer does not deal with such non-FreeBSD firmware/software installation: only with FreeBSD itself. The FreeBSD project prebuilds images for the above list: FreeBSD-13.1-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-RPI.img.xz FreeBSD-13.1-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.img.xz FreeBSD-13.1-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.img.xz FreeBSD-13.1-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.img.xz FreeBSD-13.1-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.img.xz FreeBSD-13.1-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.img.xz (Some or all of these are MBR based instead of GPT.) The images are available from the likes of: http://ftp3.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ISO-IMAGES/13.1/ There are also ports for building U-Boot for other SOCs/systems. Similarly for providing the RPi* firmware and related that FreeBSD uses in its prebuilt images. In many cases, one can use one of the above images expanded onto media and then replace the U-Boot/whatever with U-Boot/whatever from one of the other FreeBSD U-Boot ports. But some, for example, U-Boot's may not fit in the space some images supply. So picking one that does needs to be explicit (presuming one of them is sufficient). None of these media are ZFS based as far as I know. That probably goes along with the material in "The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System" about ZFS (pages 548..549): "Like all non-overwritingfile systems, ZFS operates best when at least a quarter of its disk pool is free. Write throughout becomes poor when the pool gets too full. By contrast, UFS can run well to 95 percent full and acceptably to 99 percent full." ". . . [The ZFS] design assumed that the would have many fast 64-bit CPUs with large amounts of memory to support these enormous file systems. When these resources are available, it works extremely well. However, it is not designed for or well suited to run on resource-constrained systems using 32-bit CPUs with less than 8 Gbyte of memory and one small, nearly full disk, which is typical of many embedded systems." The RAM and/or free disk space constraints (for example) are likely still at issue sometimes in 2022, not just back around 2015 (the Copyright year for the book). Thus the bias to UFS-based rebuilt images. =3D=3D=3D Mark Millard marklmi at yahoo.com