[Bug 268547] /bin/sh 'cd' should get user's home directory from password database if HOME is unset

From: <bugzilla-noreply_at_freebsd.org>
Date: Sat, 24 Dec 2022 22:53:46 UTC
https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=268547

            Bug ID: 268547
           Summary: /bin/sh 'cd' should get user's home directory from
                    password database if HOME is unset
           Product: Base System
           Version: Unspecified
          Hardware: Any
                OS: Any
            Status: New
          Severity: Affects Only Me
          Priority: ---
         Component: bin
          Assignee: bugs@FreeBSD.org
          Reporter: jschauma@netmeister.org

Created attachment 239007
  --> https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=239007&action=edit
patch to cd to fall back to getpwuid->pw_dir if HOME is unset

POSIX requires that the 'cd' command use the $HOME environment variable (if
that is set) when no operand is given.

It explicitly notes that behavior of 'cd' with no operand when $HOME is unset
is implementation defined.  It then notes:                                      

"A common extension when HOME is undefined is to get the login directory from
the user database for the invoking user. This does not occur on System V
implementations."

If HOME is unset, /bin/sh currently fails with the error message "HOME not
set". Instead, I think it would be useful to try to determine the user's home
directory via a getpwuid() lookup.

Attached is a diff to implement this proposed change.

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